ASTM A333 Grade 9 (GR9) specification delineates the characteristics of low-temperature carbon steel pipes designed for applications demanding exceptional performance in environments where temperatures can drop as low as -46°C (-50°F). These pipes are strategically engineered to withstand the challenges of low-temperature conditions, ensuring a harmonious blend of strength, toughness, and ductility that is indispensable in scenarios where the risk of brittle fracture is a critical concern. The chemical composition of ASTM A333 GR9 pipes adheres to precise ranges, contributing to the material's ability to uphold its mechanical properties even under extreme cold. The composition includes a maximum carbon content of 0.20%, manganese ranging from 0.40% to 1.06%, a maximum phosphorus content of 0.025%, a maximum sulfur content of 0.025%, silicon ranging from 1.60% to 2.35%, nickel content between 8.00% and 10.00%, chromium content between 0.90% and 1.10%, and molybdenum content between 0.90% and 1.10%.
Mechanical properties play a pivotal role in determining the suitability of pipes for low-temperature service, and ASTM A333 GR9 pipes are meticulously engineered to meet these stringent demands. They demonstrate a tensile strength spanning from 415 to 585 MPa (60 to 85 ksi), reflecting their capacity to endure significant mechanical stress. The specified yield strength stands at 220 MPa (32 ksi), while the minimum elongation requirement is set at 30%. Of particular importance is the Charpy V-notch impact test, a crucial measure of the material's toughness in low-temperature conditions. For GR9 pipes, this pivotal test is conducted at -46°C (-50°F), and the minimum average impact energy required is 16 Joules (12 ft-lbf). These pipes are available in both seamless and welded forms, with seamless pipes manufactured through a piercing and rolling process from solid round billets, and welded pipes produced from steel strips rolled into tube shapes and then welded longitudinally or helically. To enhance their mechanical properties and ensure uniformity, ASTM A333 GR9 pipes undergo heat treatment processes, including normalization and tempering.
Specification | Details |
Standard | ASTM A333 |
Grade | Grade 9 |
Type | Seamless and Welded |
Size Range (OD) | 1/2" to 24" seamless, 16" to 54" welded |
Wall Thickness | Schedule 10, 20, 30, 40, Std, 60, 80, XS, 100, 120, 140, 160, XXS |
Length | Single Random, Double Random, Custom Cut |
Chemical Composition | Carbon (C): 0.20% max<br>Manganese (Mn): 0.40-1.06%<br>Phosphorus (P): 0.025% max<br>Sulfur (S): 0.025% max<br>Silicon (Si): 1.60-2.35%<br>Nickel (Ni): 8.00-10.00%<br>Chromium (Cr): 0.90-1.10%<br>Molybdenum (Mo): 0.90-1.10% |
Mechanical Properties | Tensile Strength: 415-585 MPa (60-85 ksi)<br>Yield Strength: 220 MPa (32 ksi)<br>Elongation: 30% min<br>Charpy V-notch Impact Test: -46°C (-50°F), Min. avg. value 16 J (12 ft-lbf) |
Manufacturing Process | Seamless: Piercing and Rolling<br>Welded: Longitudinal or Helical Welding |
Heat Treatment | Normalization and Tempering |
Testing and Inspection | Hydrostatic Testing, Nondestructive Electric Test (Eddy Current or Ultrasonic), Tensile Test, Impact Test |
Ensuring the quality and integrity of ASTM A333 GR9 pipes involves rigorous testing and inspection procedures. Hydrostatic testing is employed to ascertain the pipes' resilience under pressure, while nondestructive electric tests like Eddy Current or Ultrasonic tests are performed to detect any potential flaws. Mechanical properties, including tensile strength and elongation, are assessed through tensile testing. Meanwhile, the Charpy impact test evaluates the pipes' capacity to absorb energy during impact at low temperatures.
Element | Composition Range |
Carbon (C) | 0.20% max |
Manganese (Mn) | 0.40-1.06% |
Phosphorus (P) | 0.025% max |
Sulfur (S) | 0.025% max |
Silicon (Si) | 1.60-2.35% |
Nickel (Ni) | 8.00-10.00% |
Chromium (Cr) | 0.90-1.10% |
Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.90-1.10% |
Property | Minimum Value | Maximum Value |
Tensile Strength | 415 MPa (60 ksi) | 585 MPa (85 ksi) |
Yield Strength | 220 MPa (32 ksi) | - |
Elongation | 30% | - |
Charpy Impact Test | 16 J (12 ft-lbf) at -46°C (-50°F) | - |
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